Commercial and investment banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business and speculation banking - Essay Example Perhaps the most recent pattern experienced in the financial business is the internationalization of banking organizations. As much as it accompanies an assortment of favorable circumstances, it has a few burdens significant. To begin with, there is expanded rivalry in the neighborhood banking industry accordingly representing a test to privately based banks. Little neighborhood clients recently served by nearby speculation banks are currently being focused by gigantic worldwide banks looking for new customers in the worldwide market (Crocket 2001, p.1). In addition, the expense of social affair data is getting progressively high combined with the expense of guideline. Most banks working on the global field are confronting very high working cost influencing their gainfulness adversely (the market analyst 2015, p.1). It is the obligation of the central station to screen the tasks of every one of its auxiliaries and agree to guideline necessity of the host nation when setting up auxiliaries. The more auxiliaries a bank have the higher the expense of observing and guideline. Further, much the same as building up some other specialty unit introductory capital is required and on occasion might be excessively high. Various nations have various guidelines concerning the underlying capital speculation required before another firm can be allowed activity authorization. All things considered, global financial foundations are in danger of high introductory capital speculation particularly where an immense sum is required to go about as security for the customers’ stores if there should arise an occurrence of liquidation.

High School Drug Abuse What Do You Do Essay Example For Students

Secondary School Drug Abuse: What Do You Do? Paper As per an investigation directed by the University of Michigans Institute for Social Research, among the graduating class of 1997, 54.3 percent of understudies had utilized an unlawful medication when they arrived at their senior year of secondary school: an emotional increment from the once 40.7 percent in 1992. The examination likewise announced an expansion among secondary school seniors from 27.1 percent in 1992 to 42.4 percent in 1997, that had utilized an illegal medication in that previous year. There was likewise an expansion from 14.4 percent (1992) to 26.2 percent (1997) of utilization in the previous month. What's more, because of the addictive idea of medications, a large number of these youthful understudies will keep utilizing them for an amazing duration. What do you do at that point? Numerous schools are actualizing drug testing programs, which have been demonstrated to effectively diminish the measure of medication misuse that happens in schools. Secondary School medicate testing has become an extremely dubious point in numerous networks the country over. Numerous understudies and guardians are contending that medication testing is an infringement of the privileges of a US resident as assigned in the fourth amendment of the Constitution. In any case, in the Supreme Court instance of Vernonia School District v. Wayne Acton, it was administered established. They likewise contend that it is dishonest, and sending an inappropriate message to understudies. One parent stated, as expressed in an article in the Seattle Times, Kids who analyze and are gotten, theyre going to be restricted from extracurricular exercises. Also, their decision is presumably going to be to party more. They wont have different outlets that are an option in contrast to drugs. To begin with, for the projects that have been utilized in schools, it has been regular for a third offense to be important before totally restricting the understudy from extracurricular exercises. Yet, in the event that an understudy who partakes in those exercises, is discovered utilizing drugs, at that point it clearly wasnt a choice to tranquilize use. Notwithstanding that, most networks have programs for young people to take an interest in to get them far from those kinds of things, and even assistance them quit. Different contentions are over lawful issues. In the fourth amendment to the Constitution it expresses the Federal Government will not damage the privilege of the individuals to be secure in their people, houses, papers, and impacts, against nonsensical ventures and seizures. In the Vernonia case, the proportion of lawfulness relied on the sensibility of the pursuit; secondary school tranquilize testing among understudy competitors was viewed as sensible. One could even now contend that by having an athletic strategy that requires ceasing from medicate use could be illegal also. Be that as it may, where the law denies the utilization of illegal medications by anybody, and when you think about the privileges of others that would be influenced, having such an arrangement is the best way to secure the understudies who take an interest. Those school locale that have just executed a medication testing program have discovered that it works. Defendability of Same Sex Marriage Essay Burlington-Edison High School of Skagit County, Washington, executed a medication testing program fundamentally the same as that of the Vernonia School District. Also, after the main year of medication testing, around 25 understudies had been gotten. Since that first year, the general medication use has diminished, requiring a decrease in sedate testing. The framework that these schools utilized was proficient and kept classified to shield the personalities of the understudies from outside .

Updates, and a New Server - Focus

Updates, and a New Server - Focus As some of you will have noticed we were offline this morning for an hour or so, when we moved MindMeister over to new server hardware with quite a bit more oomph. Were glad that so many people use MindMeister and want to give everybody a really good user experience. At the same time, weve also deployed a couple of new features, some of which people have been requesting for a while. Heres a small list: Ability to assign multiple icons Icons groups (click to advance to next in group) Copy branch as text outline see details People have also been asking for more licensing options, so weve made a few additions there too, such as the ability to sponsor Premium Memberships for others  and license packages for businesses and resellers. Please note: these pricing options are not up to date. Please visit mindmeister.com/pricing for details on all available licenses. Also, stay tuned for another update with a few more mapping features, such as links between nodes as well as a solution to the infamous overlapping branch issue! Updates, and a New Server - Focus As some of you will have noticed we were offline this morning for an hour or so, when we moved MindMeister over to new server hardware with quite a bit more oomph. Were glad that so many people use MindMeister and want to give everybody a really good user experience. At the same time, weve also deployed a couple of new features, some of which people have been requesting for a while. Heres a small list: Ability to assign multiple icons Icons groups (click to advance to next in group) Copy branch as text outline see details People have also been asking for more licensing options, so weve made a few additions there too, such as the ability to sponsor Premium Memberships for others  and license packages for businesses and resellers. Please note: these pricing options are not up to date. Please visit mindmeister.com/pricing for details on all available licenses. Also, stay tuned for another update with a few more mapping features, such as links between nodes as well as a solution to the infamous overlapping branch issue!

Alzheimers Disease Essay - 594 Words

Alzheimers Disease nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is Alzheimers Disease? The most common form of dementing illness, Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain, causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior. The person with AD may experience confusion, personality and behavior changes, impaired judgment, and difficulty finding words, finishing thoughts or following directions. It eventually leaves its victims incapable of caring for themselves. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What happens to the brain in Alzheimers Disease? In AD The nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls memory, thinking, are damaged, interrupting the passage of messages between cells. The cells develop†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Who is affected by Alzheimers Disease? Alzheimers Disease knows no social or economic boundaries and affects men and women almost equally. The disease strikes older persons more frequently, affecting approximately 10% of Americans over age 65 and 47% of those over age 85. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Is Alzheimers Disease hereditary? There is a slightly increased risk that children, brothers, and sisters of patients with Alzheimers Disease will get it, but most cases are the only ones in a family. Some patients who develop the disease in middle age (called early onset) have a quot;familialquot; type more than one case in the family. It is important to note that AD can only be definitively diagnosed after death through autopsy of brain tissue. Thirty percent of autopsies turn up a different diagnosis. Families are encouraged to ask for an autopsy as a contribution to learning more about the genetics of AD. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Are there treatments available for Alzheimers Disease? Presently, there is no definite cure or treatment for Alzheimers Disease. Unfortunately, there are many unscrupulous individuals who market so-called quot;cures.quot; These treatments are often expensive and they dont cure AD. However, since senility is such a scary problem and because families are desperate to find help for loved ones, these bogus treatments continue to sell. Most ofShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease1334 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Brittany Mathis HCS/245 July 14,2013 Tynan Weed Abstract Alzheimer’s has many causes and affects each patient differently. There have been studies done that have found that older African American’s are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s than older whites. A cause of Alzheimer’s has not been completely identified yet, but genetic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk. While we all know that Alzheimer’s is a complicated disease there areRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1421 Words   |  6 Pagesengulfed by a mysterious disease. The neurons being cut off and destroyed by two abnormal structures. First memory is affected gradually getting worse. Then one is unable to think properly, reason, and lacks of self control. Gaps are formed in the brain s ventricles, due to the amount of dead tissue. In the end, it will lead to death. All of this may sound like something from a science fiction movie but infact its very real. These are all known possible symptoms of a common disease that affects aboutRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Disease935 Words   |  4 Pageswith Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is commonly found in the elderly. This explains why people assume older people have a bad memory. Alzheimer’s does not occur in a short period of time, it typically takes months to develop. It involves gradual memory loss due to two specific protein fragments that spread to different parts of the brain killing brain cells as they go. As mentioned in the article Alzheimer’s Disease Fact Sheet (2015), Dr. Alois Alzheimer first discovered the disease by noticing somethingRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1304 Words   |  6 Pagesperson knows well, or asking questions continuously can be signs of a more serious problem. It is a disease of the brain that started slowly and gets worse as the time progresses. Alzheimer’s is a progressive destroying of brain tissue that primarily strikes people over the age of 65. Brain functions such as memory, comprehension, and speech deteriorate. The term first introduced by Dr. Alois Alzheimers in 1906. Memory is lost first. As days passes, attention tends to distracted, simple calculationsRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesone thing Alzheimer s cannot take away, and that is love. Love is not a memory - it s a feeling that resides in your heart and soul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease resultsRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1172 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of death in America. It kills more than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Alzheimer’s accounts for 70-80% of dementia cases. By the age of 65, 1 in 9 people are diagnosed and by the age of 85, 1 in 3 people will have the disease. According to the Alzheimer Association, 5 million people in American have Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s starts to form 20 years prior to being diagnosed. Learning about Alzheimer’s can help familiesRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Disease1759 Words   |  8 Pages Alzheimer’s Disease Madison Lollar Psychology 1030-C62 Volstate Community College Word Count: 1,589 Alzheimer’s Disease: When it comes to Alzheimer’s, I know firsthand how it affects individuals and their families. My great grandfather had Alzheimer’s for many years before his passing late last year, at age 92. Alzheimer’s is a disease that many individuals suffer with each year, but yet with all the advancements in modern medicine we still have no cure for it. There are differentRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe disease stem cells could fix is called Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The reason I chose this topic is because I have seen first hand how badly someone who suffers from Alzheimer’s Disease is affected in their daily lives. This disease completely takes over their lives and they turn into a completely different person who can hardly function. AD is very tough on the loved ones of the person suffering from it because that person, most of the time has no idea what is going on or who their loved onesRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages Alzheimer 1 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is inevitable that eventually each of us will grow old and begin to face more and more health problems as our age rises. Elderly people are challenged by many illnesses and diseases that unfortunately, are incurable. One disease that becomes more common as people age is Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s a common cause and a form of dementia and can severely damage a patient’s cognitive functions and can ultimately cause death. Living with Alzheimer’s diseaseRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Disease1304 Words   |  6 Pages10, 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s is a disease in the brain that affects a person’s memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia and is common in adults older than 65. More than five million Americans are being affected by Alzheimer’s at this moment. Alzheimer’s comes in three stages; early, middle, and advanced. The disease is caused by the shrinking of the brain due to many risk factors and genetics. Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are often confused because

School Uniforms and Their Effect on Education Essay

School Uniforms and Their Effect on Education Going to public schools all my life, I heard the gossip of fashion and whose wearing what,pretty much everyday; at least in the four years of high school where it seemed that looks mattered the most. As people grow up, the way they present themselves becomes more and more important. Leaving a good mark in high school means a lot to some people, and some are ready to do whatever it takes to make that mark, whether it be putting someone down for their clothing or being an individual and not caring what others think of you or what your wearing. Having friends from middle school that branched out and went the alternative route; private schools, one of the first things that came back†¦show more content†¦In the essay, â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education,†written by Paulo Freire, there were two types of education discussed. â€Å"Banking†education and â€Å"Problem-Posing† education. â€Å"Banking† education was looked at with the idea that the teacher was the higher power and the student was simply an object where as in â€Å"Problem-Posing† education, the teacher and students both taught and learned the information together. Uniforms would help bring â€Å"Problem-Posing† teaching back into the classrooms of many schools. There would also be a large drop in the amount of teasing that goes on in school. When I asked my old roommate, Maureen Brillante, who attended Sacred Heart Academy about the benefits of going to a school with uniforms, one of the first things she said was that it prevents people’s feelings from being hurt since everyone is wearing the same thing. â€Å"There is a lot less gossip about clothes and it is much harder to judge people when everyone looks the same. The atmosphere around the whole school just seems brighter that way,† she said with a big smile on her face. Having gone to an elementary school that did not have uniforms, Maureen experienced both worlds and found uniforms made high school that much easier to get through. Decisions, Decisions. Should I goShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On School Uniforms1671 Words   |  7 PagesMainali South University School Uniform â€Æ' Abstract Freedom of dress is violated by restricting on school uniform. A school and university have their own dress code which does not require a particular dress. Some researcher and scholar suggest misbehavior in the student are the result of banning uniform. But misbehavior is what they acquired in their life. Banning uniform, student can exercise their right to express themselves freely. Student will be able to focus on education and save money too. ByRead MoreThe Effects Of School Uniforms On Schools878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Uniforms in Schools When it comes to the debate on whether schools should enforce a uniform in school or not, there are two obvious sides: pro-uniform and against uniform. Both sides have their own facts to back up their stance on this topic, but ultimately schools are the ones to decide what type of clothes they will allow their students to wear. The purpose of school uniforms is simple: a way for all students of a particular school to be united under one similar dress. While thereRead MoreSchool Uniforms: A Bad Idea Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageshigh schools in the United States is parents and their children against the enforcement of their school’s uniform policy. More schools have been adopting uniform policies within the past decade. Rules contained in the policy that are implemented range from wearing certain types of tops (shirts) in specified colors to students being required to tuck in their shirts. In the past, uniforms were exclusively for students who attended private schools be cause they were â€Å"well-off†, but now uniforms areRead MoreDress For Success : School Uniforms899 Words   |  4 Pages Dress for Success? School Uniforms Tureicka McClendon Louisiana College Educational Leadership ED 600 Dr. Amy Craig Dr. Marion Skiles September 19, 2015 Dress for Success? School Uniforms Purpose of the Study School Uniforms has an everlasting effect on some students. Weather it is in the classroom or out in public. This study debates the diverse effect that school uniform has on student achievement, attendance, and behavior (Gentile Imberman, 2012 pg. 1). Often students and parents areRead MoreThe Debate over the Implementation of School Uniform Policies in our Schools:743 Words   |  3 Pageshave been many debates over the implementation of school uniform policies in our schools. Opinions are formed about the appearance of uniforms powerful effects on the way in which a student should dress. This significant role of attire relates to how students could relay a message to themselves and others. In addition, uniforms are one of the most serious administrative concerns in our public school system. I strongly favor the fact that school uniforms are perfect because they assist in helping studentsRead MoreThe Bright Side Of School Uniforms. Education In The United1597 Words   |  7 Page sSide of School Uniforms Education in the United States from Kindergarten all the way to 12th grade is known for its free education system. That’s right, students all over the country are given the opportunity to retrieve a high school diploma for free. Education in this country is so important that schools around the country are pushing their board of education to propose the policy of school uniforms nationwide, as they believe school uniforms have a very beneficial and positive effect on a student’sRead MoreSchool Uniforms And The Success Of Public Schools1099 Words   |  5 Pages School uniforms are beneficial to students at all grade levels and can be a contributing factor in improving test scores, attendance and the graduation rate, while decreasing school violence and behavior issues. Research has proven significant connections between school uniforms and the success of public schools. In 1996 approximately three percent of all schools in the United States had a school uniform polic y (Gentile Imberman, 2009) . In 2015 23% of schools reported a uniform policy (StatisticRead More Uniforms in Schools Essay541 Words   |  3 PagesUniforms in Schools School uniforms in public schools are becoming increasingly popular across the nation. The public school system would benefit greatly if this policy were to be adopted. Opposition is always a factor when trying to make changes. Taking all things into consideration, the positive effects would be far greater than the negative effects. School uniforms should be required in public schools because their use would lead to higher education, less violence, and lower cost to parentsRead MoreEffectiveness And Use Of School Uniforms1140 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools Nyi Nyi A. Myin Wingate University  The Effectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools The discussion regarding the purpose of schools uniforms among parents and school administrators have increased in the last few years. The debate on whether school uniforms affect students’ performance have challenged also. School uniforms are often seen as unstylish and unattractive due to lack of design and color scheme. The use of school uniforms are used to aid students’Read MoreThe Enforcement Of A Uniform Code1433 Words   |  6 PagesState Board of Education Members Florida Department of Education 325 W Gaines St, Tallahassee, FL 32399 Dear State Board of Education members, My name is Jonathon Franklin Akins, a recent Magna Cum Laude graduate of Mater Lakes Academy and presently a Florida International University undergraduate student. I believe that the enforcement of a uniform code in every school is vital to protect students from the detrimental effects associated with bullying. Imposition of a uniform code would enhance

Supply Chain and Risk Management Free Essays

string(253) " of SCM will push us to further supply chain excellence† Remaining competitive in developing a new product or service also has the following challenges such as cross function cooperation, product/service innovation and proper allocation of resources\." Introduction Like economies and financial markets, as supply chains grow more global and interconnected, they get more exposed to disruptions and risks. Moreover, the supply chain speed exacerbates the problem. Even minor miscalculations can have major consequences as the impact spreads like viruses throughout the complex supply chain networks. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain and Risk Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, it is vital to build smarter supply chains and address the issues that pose a challenge to this objective. These risk factors can effect productivity, economy and band image of the company so it is very important to identify and manage these problems on right time. Risk is a set of unexpected or unpredictable event that directly or indirectly affects the efficient working of an organization. † So to avoid this situation there should be a effective risk management process which can help the company to work efficiently and effectively Risk management can be defined as Risk management is an important function in business industry. It is an entrepreneurial need which caters all the solution which are needed for the efficient working of an organization to achieve is goals. It helps the management to understand the root cause of the problem and all possible ways by which it can be solved. Risk management process About The Company Cipla is one of the pioneer’s in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. The company was first started in 1935 and throughout its long journey of 75years has introduced many life-changing and innovative drugs to serve humanity while supporting, improving and enriching millions of lives worldwide. Cipla has 50 manufacturing plants with its headquarters situated in Mumbai, India. Its current stable has over 1200 products in current production which can cure almost every illness known to man. Cipla boasts the world’s largest range of respiratory medicines, dosage forms and devices for the management of asthma and other respiratory illnesses. The company is well known for providing consistently high quality of medical updates and patient education material to help patients as well as doctors in their respective environments. The company had also setup a dedicated center which carried on research and education on respiration named the Chest Research Foundation (CRF) in Pune, India. The company has also pioneered revolutionary medicines for treatment of cancer, AIDS, hepatitis A, B and C. ardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, weight control, depression and many other health conditions, distributing its product to almost every country. Recently the company had researched and created a medicine called QVIR that can cure AIDS and can be used for both first and second line treatment of HIV-AIDS. Currently, 40% of the worlds HIV patients undergoing anti AIDS therapy are taking Cipla Drugs. Pain Points with QVIR Cipla is well known for is innovations in the field of pharmaceutical but not so for its supply chain and impeccable delivery. This was also the case with the recently launched QVIR which had not been effectively distributed or consumed at the right time. Every year around 5 -7 % of the patients failed their first line treatment because the dose was unavailable and wasn’t there at the stipulated treatment time. For a drug priced at a paltry sum of $ 3 and the life changing benefits of containing four drugs in one single strip, it never served its intended purpose. From our qualitative data collection method we understood that the pain points facing Cipla in the delivery of QVIR were as follows: * Inventory levels are too high and/or misplaced Spending is too high, either indirect or direct categories * Cash-to-cash cycles are too long * Lean manufacturing and quality goals are not being met – potentially accompanied by excess waste generated or scarce resources used Cipla’s Supply Chain Cipla has over 180 manufacturing plant across the world out of which 50 manufacturing plants manufactu re QVIR. Cipla also manufacturing some of its own raw material in three of its own factors situated in Mumbai, Himachal Pradesh and Karnataka states of India. For some of the raw materials of QVIR, Cipla also conducts import/export trade with some of its local and international suppliers located in India, Germany, USA, UK, Italy, France, Australian, South Africa and South Korea Chine and Japan. Cipla has its export market in 180 countries of which its main customers are USA, Germany, South Africa, New-Zealand, Australia, China, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Japan. The transportation is carried out internationally via ship and air and domestically either by road or rail. Value Stream Mapping for QVIR The Top challenges of Cipla’s Supply Chain for QVIR After conducting our initial investigation, assessment and analysis we were able to group the top challenges of Cipla’s supply chain into 3 major components: * Supply Chain Visibility * Increasing Customer Demands * Globalization Supply Chain Visibility There is an inherent lack of willingness to share information and collaborate effectively. Inhibitive organization silos are widespread across Cipla where individuals are too busy to share within the organization and among supply chain networks. This leads to misaligned performance measures, ineffective integration and collaboration not viewed as important. Namita Kelwa, Partner Management director who is also a champion of change within Cipla says, â€Å"When we talk about supply chain visibility, it does not simply mean visibility into your own supply chain and your own shipments. It means visibility among partners, which enables collaborative decision making closer to the customer. This is both a science (managing the technology) and an art (using the information and metrics for competitive advantage). Partial and experimental adoption is widespread in visibility, but extensive adoption is still very low. Increasing Customer Demands Customers are almost always last on the list for synchronizing supply demand. Cipla as an organization has forgotten to identify that customers continue to have aggressive demands for differentiated products services, while their own product lifecycles have been shortening. According to Gar ima Singh, vice president of consumer products, â€Å"We must combine SCM with CRM†¦ get supply chain staff thinking in terms of a commercial customer mindset. Bringing the customer perspective into all facets of SCM will push us to further supply chain excellence† Remaining competitive in developing a new product or service also has the following challenges such as cross function cooperation, product/service innovation and proper allocation of resources. You read "Supply Chain and Risk Management" in category "Essay examples" There should be a further integration of customer demands from inception to delivery – the entire Cipla global supply chain network focused on the end customer. Globalization Globalization for many businesses including Cipla is the complexities of interconnectivity. The impact of global sourcing has led Cipla to experience delivery issues in the form of unreliable commitments especially in the case of the QVIR drugs. It has also resulted in larger than anticipated lead times and quality issues. While looking for lower cost sourcing options, Cipla should pave the way for constantly updated and differentiated business models and distribution strategies. Identifying Risk factors Supplier Risks In the supply chain management of the pharmaceutical industry the selection of supplier should be done very carefully because the raw material can directly affect the finished drug. In CIPLA API Plants the ingredient are manufactured as per Regulatory requirements like USFDA, WHO, MHRA, and TGA and but these API plants are not enough for 50 manufacturing plant so they need external suppliers to provide other ingredients such as Diluants, binding agents, colorant, lubricant and granulating agents. 1. Imports The major risk associated with the import is the availability of the raw material at right time. Some of the delay includes: * Delay in movement of cargo * Custom handling * Delay in processing documents due to system error at Seaport/Airport. Continuous holidays, strike by laborers customs may delay clearances. 2. Inferior Quality of supply Quality is very important in case of any pharmaceutical manufacturing as it directly deals with the life of the people therefore it is governed by many regulations. The inferior Quality of the raw material can increases the risk of waste in the final steps of manufacturing. Some of the adverse effects would be * Breaking and rusting of tables * Short shelf life * Less potency * Side effect to patents * Batch rejection * Market complain Packaging Risks Packaging material for QVIR is one of the important concerns which can not be compromised on the terms of availability and quality, a special packing is needed for the QVIR since it is a four in one drug packing which contain a kit of Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Atazanavir and Ritonavir. If the packaging material is not available in that situation * The raw material shelf life will increase ( as kept in stores) * Productivity will decrease * Unable to fulfill order on time * Holding of batch can increase the reanalysis cost Production Risks 1. Malfunctioning of Machinery In CIPLA entire process of manufacturing is automated. So efficient working of the machines is essential in that manufacturing process any malfunctioning of machine can lead to increase the production time and cost. 2. Human error Although in the company most of the production process is automated, there is still chance of human error due to negligence of the employee who operates the machines. This can lead to serious problem not only to the company but to the employee himself some of the common human errors are: * Improver gowning * Negligence in handling of material * Improper documentation * Negligence in following SOPs Negligence in maintain personal hygiene * Negligence in clearing the apparatuses * Negligence during handling chemicals * Negligence during operating machines The human error can led up to some serious problems such as * can cause damage to the life of others * wastage of material * wastage of time * can damage the machine * can lead to batch failure 3. Quality Ri sks Quality of the QVIR is an important concern for CIPLA pharmaceutical because it directly deals with the life of the customers moreover the industry is highly regulated so it is extremely necessary to produce products with high quality. The inferior quality of drug can cause * Batch rejection * Market complain * Economic lose * Lose of company reputation * As the industry is highly regulated by government law inferior quality can lead to close done of organization Storage Risks Improper storage of the drug special QVIR can lead to serious problems not only to the manufacturer but also to there customers. Some of the common storage risks are * Drug contamination * Drug deterioration * Batch rejection * Market complain * Reduce the self life of drug etc Demand Side Risks 1. Forecasting Errors Forecasting errors can lead to serious problems related to the long lead times, over production, demand analysis, short life cycle, and order placement in the value chain which lead to bullwhip effect. Forecast error can affect the whole supply chain from the beginning till the end affecting the entire resources in inventory, facilities, transportation, sourcing, pricing and information management so there should be a proper forecast analysis. 2. Transportation Risk The main risk factors involved after the batch is moved out of factor is the transportation risk. The major problem during the transportation process is Tracking the shipment * Delay of the shipment * Product contamination * Stock clearness 3. Information Sharing Risks Information sharing is the foundation on which supply chain processes work. Without information sharing manager cannot indentify the demand related to the product and the amount to be produced. Information systems will help the manager to know how the inven tory is flowing in the supply chain and how the stocks are maintained. Moreover in the production process the flow of information help to minimize the risk and maintain the quality of the product. Risk Analysis Root Cause Analysis The root cause analysis can help CIPLA mangers to identify and correct the root causes which may lead to the identified risks Below Fish Bone diagram is used to perform the root cause analysis for Cipla – After conducting the root cause, we were able to establish certain glaring problems in the supply demand of QVIR such as supplier selection, non-availability of resources, machinery problems, improper management SCM Specific Brainstorming A periodic ‘All Hands’ session has to be conducted with the entire supply chain team of QVIR at Cipla. These sessions could be either fortnightly or monthly basis. During these sessions, members of the team are encouraged to ask several sets of questions related to improvement and transformation of a SMARTER Supply Chain. Some possible questions include: * Do you have real time visibility into the cost performance of your supply chain both inside and across organizational boundaries? * Are you able to collaborate with your upstream and downstream trading partners on changing supply and demand conditions? Have you exploited rapid ROI opportunities relating to inventory optimization, demand forecasting, network design, and procurement spend? * What are your inventory levels vs. peers, your cash-to cycle time vs. peers? * Is your business able to quickly and directly make changes to supply chain processes and policies based on identified savings opportunities? * Have you balanced your cost reduction initiatives against customer requirements and supply chain risk including those related to sustainability issues? * Would cost reduction quick wins allow investing in future necessary SC capabilities? By predicting the risk components while brainstorming and doing the root cause analysis, there are also other risks during production which is more human error and packaging error. As part of the analysis for this assignment, we’ve also assessed the risks during production and how that risk can be controlled Risk Mitigation Supplier Risk Mitigation To overcome all the relative problems with the supplier Cilpa management needs to:- 1. Planning 2. Supplier selection 3. Supplier evaluation 4. Performance measurement 5. Feedback and communication Production Risk Mitigation Malfunctioning of the machinery Malfunctioning of machinery in the production process can be overcome by- * Regularly checking and maintaining the working of the machines. The machines should be checked after each batch production. * Special engineers should be hired for the maintenance job with deep knowledge * The checking and maintenance process should be added into the standard operating process and proper validation process should be conducted for the clearing process for each machine. * There should be a proper training process for the employees who are operating the machines. This will not only prevent the risk in the production process but also help in maintaining the quality of the product. Human error risk The human error can be minimized by providing proper – * training to the employee * maintaining proper standard operating procedures * automating the process where possible * providing proper documentation Packaging Risk Mitigation To minimize the risk in the packing and packaging process Cipla has to move out from the traditional model to more technological side. * Photo scanning system * Ratio frequency identification system and ePedigrees technology Photo scanning system is a modern way of minimizing risk in the packaging line by using photo scanning system. Cipla can eliminate the risk on cross labeling, miss printing and over printing of the labels this will minimize the risk of batch rejection by the customer in different country Advantage of using Photo Scanner System 1. Minimize the risk cross labeling 2. Minimize the risk of miss print related with date of expire, date of manufacturing and dose to be taken 3. Minimize the waste 4. Safe time 5. Increases the efficacy of the production line. Radio Frequency identification system (RFID) and ePedigees technology is a modern way of thinking in supply chain of Pharmaceutical industry. RFID is a better solution to minimize the risk associated with packaging and delivering, inventory management forecasting, monitoring and collecting data. In this process the RFID tag is attached to the product and than it can be tracked any where in the entire supply chain. The tag transfer electronic information through radio frequency electromagnetic ways that can be read from several meters away. Unlike the traditional bar code system there is no need of aligning the product in front of the reader. There is no chance of data error with this system In this system the electronic documents know as ePedigree are generated. These E pedigee have all the historical information regarding the product movement in the supply chain which makes it easy to monitor the product and remove optical in the supply chain. Advantages of using RFID * Improve Forecasting and Planning * Reduce Out-Of-Stock Conditions * eliminate excess and missing inventory as well as reduce losses and write * Improves Decision-Making Improve Customer Experience. * Reduce Theft * Increase Efficiency of production process * Improves Asset Utilization and Visibility Quality and storage risk mitigation Quality management play most crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry so a systemic monitoring and evaluation of quality in the production process is necessary to reduce the risk associated with the quality of the prod uct This can only be achieved by following strict quality protocols at each stage. The Quality assurance team and the Quality control term should monitor – * The quality of the raw material purchase Storage condition of the raw material and the finished product * The standard operating procedure of the production process * Proper cleaning of the machines as per validation * Quality of the packaging material * SOP for labeling and packaging * Proper storage of the finished good with correct labeling At each step of quality management data should be collected and reports should be generated to identify where the problem is occurring in the supply chain and how to mitigate those problems simultaneously. Demand Side Risk Mitigation Transportation risk mitigation To minimize the risk related to the transportation there should be a proper selection of the transporter as per GMP requirement * There should be a proper procedure to select the logistic supplier * Proper communication * Regular inspection Information flow risk Technology plays an important role to minimize the risk factor in the information flow. Use of certain ERP tools such as SAP and ORACLE can help CIPLA minimize the risk. Moreover using RFID the electronic documents – epidgees make the flow of information quite easier and quicker. Recommendation The supply chain of the future for Cipla would be Smarter. It would be Instrumented, Interconnected Intelligent. Flexibility will be the watchword for cost containment, Visibility will become vital, Risk would be managed systematically, and customer input would permeate the supply chain. The smart map of this new supply chain for Cipla would help in the following: * Integrated real-time transactions (ERP) with business intelligence * Multi-partner collaboration platform * Dynamic supply demand balancing Predictive sense-and-respond event detection resolution * Probability-based risk management * Supply chain risk analysis mitigation models * Risk-adjusted inventory optimization * Environmental strategies policies with sustainability models for usage impact analysis: Carbon. Energy, Water, Waste * Customer-segmented product lifecycle management * Real-time consumption replenishment programs * Optimized pipeline inventory * Variable cost structures that fluctuate w ith market demand * Outsourcing non-differentiating functions Global â€Å"centers of excellence† to optimize capability and delivery * Asset management strategy global execution Conclusion By employing the risk mitigating factors for this supply chain and leveraging on the data collected, deep supply chain management expertise, methods and analytical tools Cipla can quickly assess current inventory situations for inventory optimization realizing 30-50% inventory reduction, significantly improve demand forecasting accuracy 10-30% and provide direction to reduce spend 5-20%. With the futuristic instrumented, interconnected and intelligent smarter supply chain, smart devices, sensors and actuators can capture real-time data including: shelf-level replenishment, forecasts and orders, pipeline inventory and shipment lifecycle status. Advanced instrumentation will â€Å"sense-and-respond† demand and supply signal notification with thresholds to determine corrective actions from disturbances and there would be more â€Å"self-correcting†, â€Å"self-actuating† transactions. With the new smarter supply chain model and future integration of sustainability principles our desire with this assignment is to have the supply chain emerge as a major business tool that can help control costs, manage risks and make profit in a fully responsible manner. Much of the opportunity to address related energy, water and waste management costs rests on the supply chain. How to cite Supply Chain and Risk Management, Essay examples

The Marketing principle range of product promotion strategies

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Principle Range Of Product Promotion Strategies? Answer: Introduction Marketing principle includes wide range of product promotion strategies. That helps the business enterprises in optimizing the market performances of existing as well as newly launched product/services (Jiao, Zhou and Du, 2016). In the following report we are required to develop a marketing portfolio for understanding the buying behaviour of consumers. Also the factors affecting the buying decision of customers will be determined in the report. Further the report will include various observations and patters observed from the track record of purchases made every week for minimum of 8 weeks with the description. Observations And Patterns Preparing a track record of FMCG goods purchased every week FMCG goods are fast moving consumer goods that are quickly sold at relatively lesser cost. Some of the examples of FMCG goods are toiletries, grocery, processed food etc. I have being purchasing toiletries, processed food as well as grocery products every week. And on closely observing the pattern from last 8 week I founded my behaviour regarding purchasing of products. Talking about the grocery products like soft drinks, fruit juices etc. are some regular products that I have being buying the almost every week. Coming on toiletries item I used to purchase bathing soaps, detergent once in a or two weeks. Also I used to purchase processed food like instant noodles and bread and other breakfast cereals every week. Description of Purchase Grocery products- Grocery products are the non-perishable food items that are generally packed in can, bottles, boxes etc (Kumar, 2015). I have being purchasing various grocery items like soft drinks, fruit juice, chips etc. almost every week. Soft drink I generally prefer Coco Cola but sometimes also go with the thumbs up and Pepsi brand. Also I used to purchase fruit juices of particular brand that is Apple and Eve. As I like their flavors with satisfied quality and quantity. Toiletries-Toiletry items can be defined as a personal care or grooming items. I usually buy are toiletry products like soap, detergent, etc. When it comes to soap I generally used to buy two different brand soaps that are Dove and Chanel Coco bath soaps. I generally switch in between two and prefer dove but if it is not there then I use Chanel Coco. Coming on detergent solution I used to buy small all mighty as it is easy to carry and reasonable. It has high concentration that makes easy to remove the strains from cloth. Processed food- Processed food is a shop bough food that has been processed almost with all contains are added it already. I generally used to purchase instant noodles that hardly take 2, 3 minutes to cook. I also purchase Sainsbury instant noodles because it is tasty and healthy as well. Following has been my pattern of buying for last 8 weeks were some of the products like detergent soap and processed food im satisfied and particular about. I like to buy same product as these are price effective and gives satisfiable quantity and quality. Also I am particular about the fruit juice as I like its taste and it is fat free and less sugar. While other products like soap I use to purchase any one that is available in the store accordingly among both brands mentioned above. Soft drinks are like almost same although as health conscious person I prefer die coke by coca cola. But it is not available than I buy its substitute that are Pepsi as well as thumbs up as both are also good option. Factors Affecting Buying Decision There are various factors that affects the buying decision of the consumers: Cultural factors- Following factorsare the traditional beliefs, traditions, values, laws as well as languages of a society. Also comprise the artistic values, marriage customs and religious beliefs that are local to a particular region. Im using Dove as my mother use to use it and so the legacy has passed over me. Social- Buying behaviour strongly related to the family, reference group status etc (Babo and Villaverde, 2013). sometimes we drop product as it does not matches to standard or family member preferences. Im purchasing respective fruit juice as it is good quality, safe for my family and also my relatives use it. Personal- Now as name suggests one thing came to my mind is of pocket that is income (Varadarajan, 2015). I purchase limited item as or I should say basic need items as my pocket is limited. That is why I m using the particular brand detergent because it is reasonable in price. Psychological- it is a factor which include things like motivation, perception, learning etc. Now I purchase diet coke because my insight says that it is healthy (Dombalagian, 2015). After observing the entire weeks I have recognized that I followed major 5 stages to make my decision regarding purchase. Need recognition- the buyer is first required to recognize and priorities its needs before buyer product (Palia, 2014). Like I have first observed that I require soap and detergent next day so I first make decision for purchase it. Information search- In this buyer is required to carry little research on the product personal, commercial, public, experiential sources which he/she is going to purchase for (Babo and Villaverde, 2013). As I did while purchasing the detergent power and the fruit juice. I purchased the detergent power because of its high concentration and fruit juice as it has less fat content and minimal sugar. And further I took decision of buying the product. Evaluation of alternatives- while studying the buyer is required to go through various substitutes and its ingredients (Chernev, 2014). To choose the best of the product as per his/her requirement. An significant factor to the level of assessment is whether the client emotions attached with in the product. That means the degree of perceived relevance as well as personal significance that accompanied choice. Purchase- After evaluating various alternatives the client should take decision for the best product. Post-purchase assessment In the following stage the product related concern after purchasing is common for the consumers for experiencing the purchase. Concept can also be termed as cognitive dissonance (McDonald and Wilson, 2016). Sometimes it may happen that the consumer after purchasing the product feels that other alternative was good. In that case obviously the consumer will take decision of buying other product instead of first one. Connection with Theory and Concepts Black Box Model- Black Box Model depicts the link in between customer characteristics, responses, decision process and stimuli. The main motive of using this model is to find the interrelationship between consumer response and stimuli. Stimuli are of two types one is marketing stimuli which are planned and process by organisation. And second are environmental stimuli which received by the social, political, economic, cultural etc (Laanti, 2014). factors. In simple words it can be said that box contains characteristics of buyer as well as its decision process through which buyer response are analyzed. The model stated that the consumer takes conscious, and ration decisions when they recognize certain problem. But in reality the consumer had not research for the product before purchasing it. Before purchasing one has to go through descript etc (Hubinov, 2015). Black Box model include factors those are: Marketing Stimuli- it includes price, product, place and promotion these are 4 major ps or marketing strategies and also is important in analyzing then consumer behaviour. While I was making decisions regarding purchase of products I have considered all of these factors in my research to find best out of all alternatives. Environmental Stimuli- It involve external factors that affects the buyer decisions those are economic, technological, political, cultural, demographic as well as natural (Black Box model. 2017). Taking example if there is economic instability then my purchasing behaviour would have been different. Buyers Characteristics- it include buyer attitude, motivation, perception, lifestyle etc. factors. That is my decision of buying a product will depend on my attitude knowledge perception etc. Decision process- After going through all such stimuli finally the buyer has reaches to the best alternatives after gathering information on each. It includes problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchasing decision etc. Buyer response- Now finally here the buyer make choice of the suitable brand, product, dealer, timing of purchase the product and at what it is to be purchased etc. are decided. Conclusion Under the report track record for 8 weeks have been prepared in order to understand the buying behaviour of consumer. Fast moving consumer goods has been included into the report like grocery, toiletries and processed food items. Cultural social, psychological, personal are the factors that affects the buying decision of buyers. Observation has been conducted by the help of 5 stage model that is need of recognition, data research, as well as assessment of various options, purchase and last post-purchase evaluation. Black box model theory has been applied to understand the buyer behaviour of consumer. References Books and Journals Calabretta, G. and et.al., 2017. A multilevel consideration of service design conditions: towards a portfolio of organisational capabilities, interactive practices and individual abilities.Journal of Service Theory and Practice. 27(2). pp.384-407. Ronkainen, I. A. and Czinkota, M. R., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Legrand, W., Sloan, P. and Chen, J. S., 2016.Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Principles of sustainable operations. Routledge. Jiao, R .J., Zhou, F. and Du, J., 2016, December. Key issues of incorporating social network effects in product portfolio planning. InIndustrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2016 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1898-1902). IEEE. Hubinov, J., 2015. Self-promotion of individuals via social mediaa useful tool to sell oneself as a product trademark.Marketing identity. 3(1/2). pp.378-384. Kumar, V., 2015. Evolution of marketing as a discipline: What has happened and what to look out for.Journal of Marketing. 79(1). pp.1-9. Chernev, A., 2014.Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. Laanti, M., 2014. Characteristics and principles of scaled agile. InInternational Conference on Agile Software Development(pp. 9-20). Springer International Publishing. Babo, G. and Villaverde, C., 2013. Principal evaluation using a comprehensive portfolio development approach to facilitate professional growth and renewal.Internafional Studies in Educafional Administrafion.41(2). pp.93-102. Varadarajan, R., 2015. Strategic marketing, marketing strategy and market strategy.AMS review. 5(3-4), pp.78-90. Dombalagian, O. H., 2015. Principles for Publicness.Fla. L. Rev. 67. p.649. Palia, A. P., 2014. Online Cumulative Simulation Team Performance Package.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning. 32.

My Sisters Shadow free essay sample

My most memorable instance of failure occurred during my junior year when I failed to be on the Distinguished Honor Roll. This might seem trivial to many people but they do not have the same drive as I do to be on that list published in the newspaper that no one actually reads. Although my self-motivation drove me to attempt to earn a place in the Academic Hall of Famea place reserved for those students that achieve Distinguished Honor Roll status every marking period of their high school career, my driving force has a secondary component to it: my sister, Lauren. I have always been in Lauren’s shadow when it comes to academics. Being the second child and in similar classes as my sister, we shared many of the same teachers. We both attended the same Catholic elementary/middle school so it is safe to say that everyone knew we were sisters especially since she is only two years my senior. We will write a custom essay sample on My Sisters Shadow or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being the quintessential student, she was valedictorian of her graduating eighth grade class. What rank was I? My graduating class had two valedictorians and I was right behind them in third place. As usual, I was one step behind Lauren. The shadowing continued in high school. Lauren was a model student and all of her teachers loved her, which worked both to my advantage and disadvantage.Our last name did not raise up the red flag like I am sure some surnames did, but it also meant I was expected to be similar to my predecessor. I should also mention that she was the valedictorian of her high school graduating class. I truly was ecstatic for her and extremely proud, but I cannot say I was surprised. Throughout my freshman and sophomore years, there would be a teacher here and there that knew Lauren, but then I became a junior. During my junior year every single one of my teachers had taught Lauren, and many had her in their class within the past year. I always work extremely hard in school and try my best to do well, but it is hard to stand out against someone who did the best that one can possibly do. I am not a jealous younger sister who despises everything her older sister has accomplishedthat is not me at all. However, I do want my hard work to stand out academically for once in my life. Distinguished Honor Roll presented me with an opportunity to tie with Lauren in something academic, something I had been pushing myself to do for years. I always motivated myself to work hard for me, but I still managed to remain in her shadow. As a friend once told me, â€Å"Lauren’s blanket has no holes in it. She excels in all subjects.† This â€Å"blanket† that my sister wove gave me little opportunity to shine. This is the underlying reason I wanted so desperately to be on Distinguished Honor Roll. Failing to make it during that fateful first marking period of junior year denied me something I had been working for since sixth gradethe opportunity to be on my sister’s level academically. My teachers reassure me that they do not compare me to my sister, and my parents always go out of their way to make sure that I know they are proud of me. However, none of this can help when I constantly compare myself to her. The only comparison that matters is the one that I make and how I view myself. College will provide an opportunity for me to establish myself as an individual and to practice being happy with my best. There will be no one to compare my sister and me at college and, most importantly, I will finally be able to stop comparing myself to her. I will have a fresh start, something I have never had before.

Easy Tutorial for Making Fake Wounds and Cuts

Easy Tutorial for Making Fake Wounds and Cuts Combine chemical ingredients to make fake wounds suitable for Halloween or other special events. This is a great, easy activity for kids and adults alike, and it only takes a few minutes! Materials petroleum jellyred food coloringcocoa powderdisposable tissuebowltoothpicks How to Make Fake Wounds and Cuts Use a toothpick to mix 3-4 drops of red food coloring into a dollop of petroleum jelly (e.g., Vaseline).Stir in enough cocoa (a pinch or so) to darken the red color to a deeper, blood-like tint.Separate the tissue and tear out a small rectangle (3x2 inches) from a single layer of the paper.Place the tissue at the wound site and cover it with the petroleum jelly mixture.Mold the tissue into a wound shape with the edges raised higher than the center of the wound.Add some petroleum jelly mixture to the center of the wound.Sprinkle cocoa at the edges of the wound to darken it. Add cocoa to the wound center if a scabby (as opposed to fresh) appearance is desired.Red food coloring will stain, so avoid wound contact with clothing or furniture.

Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Intellectual Property - Essay Example It was argued that Topshop had infringed the rights of Rihanna and that consumers were misled into thinking that she had endorsed the use of her photograph on the T-shirt, and this might have led to enhanced commercial sales and consumer confusion, which in turn had damaged her reputation. This is because Topshop’s action may have represented a loss of control of Rihanna in the fashion industry.3 As a result, Rihanna filed a suit against Topshop for manufacturing and retailing T-shirts bearing her photograph without her authorisation. The judge hearing the case ruled in favour of Rihanna. In the United Kingdom, there is no personality right that prevents unfair exploitation, in cases where a party evokes a celebrity’s image.4 Therefore, in the United Kingdom, there is no general right that famous people or any person can enjoy and use to control the reproduction of their images. The law of passing off is used by celebrities to protect their image. However, they have to show that they have goodwill in their image. They also have to show that there has been a misrepresentation, leading to public deception. This was ruled out by Mr Justice Birss who said that consumers of this era have full awareness that music artists take part in merchandising and endorsement in fashion apparel. According to Mr Justice Birss, consumers may not want to purchase products which have been authorised by artists, but they will rather purchase products with pictures on them because they love the look of it.5 One of the key factors that persuaded Mr Justice Birss to pass a ruling in favour of Rihanna was that Topshop, the fashion retailer, had engaged in promotional efforts involving Rihanna. For instance, there was a competition, in which the entrants could win a personal shopping appointment with Rihanna in 2010.6 Also, Topshop sold the T-shirt two weeks after there had been

Democracy in Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Democracy in Modern World - Essay Example Gladys argument focuses on the fact that democracies cannot wage successful wars as the case of Athenians waging war in Sicily’s. I do support her argument that democratic countries should distinguish between good and bad leaders, but I find certain flaws in her argument. I agree with Gladys’ premises that suggest the country frightened their generals into sending better news home than the facts on the ground and chose weak generals to wage the war. This argument leads to her argument that democracies cannot wage a successful war. A look at all the premises helps Gladys conclude that a democratic country cannot lead such a war is viable.Her argument in her conclusion is valid since there need to be better strategies in war, and the failure of Athenians was a result of poor strategies and poor execution by the generals. There was a need to evaluate leaders and have better alternatives. In her argument, it is clear that poor intelligence brought the wrong generals, and th ey were overextended. This situation showed that to have the best plans there is a need for good executors for it to be successful. In conclusion, I agree with her argument that democratic countries cannot wage successful war since their strategies are prone to hope and checks and balances. Such checks limit the passion experienced in such wars but to be on the safe side all parties in a war need to appreciate and differentiate between choosing weak and strong leaders to wage wars.

The American Company Kraft Foods Ltd Marketing Essay

The American Company Kraft Foods Ltd Marketing Essay In the current economic situation, companies are putting all their efforts to keep their customers loyal and present market shares. To attain these objectives they are launching new products, implementing new and more interesting marketing campaigns or releasing loyalty programmes. No matter the industry they activate in, all the companies want to build long lasting relationships with their customers, as it is easier and cheaper to keep existing customers rather than acquire new ones. This paper will focus on the operations of one giant in the food industry, the American company Kraft Foods LTD, and all the attention will be centred on the chocolate confectionery branch of the organisation and on its leading chocolate brand in Europe, Milka. After a thorough analysis of the chocolate confectionery industry in the United Kingdom, the introduction of a new product in the Milka range will be discussed. Corporate Objectives Kraft Foods is the worlds second largest food organisation with revenues over $42 billion as they state in their fact sheet published in 2008. It has operations in many subsectors of the food industry such as: snacks, beverages, cheese, convenient meals and groceries (Datamonitor, 2009a). The companys manufacturing plants are located in 70 countries all around the world and it sells its products in more than 150 countries (Kraft Foods, 2009a). Being such a big company in the industry, it has set well defined long term objectives to help its growth strategies. Firstly, the company is well aware of the new trends in its sector and is aiming to offer consumers healthy products, as people have become more health conscious. Secondly, the issue of conserving the environment is intensively discussed nowadays therefore Kraft Foods has decided to implement projects for sustainability. Also, the company wishes to expand even more and increase its world coverage (Kraft Foods, 2009b). To satisfy this last objective the company is acquiring different companies which are operating in key markets. One example could be the recent acquisition of the British chocolate manufacturer Cadbury, which offers the company to opportunity to consolidate in the UK chocolate market (Mintel Oxygen, 2010). Kraft Foods also wants to expand to Southeast Asia as the countries here present high growth rates in the food industry (Mintel Oxygen, 2008) Furthermore, since 2008 the company has decided to implement a restructuring plan designed to lower its cost structure and optimize capacity without affecting the quality of products (Kraft Foods, 2009a). Market Overview As stated before, this paper will focus on the chocolate confectionery operations of Kraft Foods in the UK market and therefore an overview of this particular market is necessary. Datamonitor (2009b) states that the chocolate confectionery industry accounts for almost 67.5% of the total value of the UK confectionery market, which also includes gums, cereal bars and sugar confectionery (Chart 1). Chart 1: Market segmentation in the UK (Datamonitor,2009b) The UK chocolate confectionery industry has been in a permanent growth from 2003 until 2008, increasing by 11.1%. (Mintel Oxygen, 2008b). This particular segment is characterised by fierce competition as some of the most well known food giants are competing here. The main players in 2007 were Cadbury, with 35.3% market share, Masterfoods, with 30%, Nestle, with 14%, Ferrero, with 4% and Kraft Foods with 1.8% as it can be seen in Chart 2. Mintels 2008b forecast on market growth states that it will grow by 17% until 2012, if the prices of chocolate would have remained at the 2007 value. In real terms and taking into consideration inflation this growth will be of just 2%. Chart 2: Manufacturers value shares in the UK chocolate market 2003-2007 (Mintel. 2008b) The report on chocolate confectionery published by Mintel Oygen (2008b) states that current trends in the market highlight the fact that more healthy foods need to be released on the market, forcing in this way companies to produce healthier chocolates. As childhood obesity is an important issue in the UK, there is an absolute need of healthy products and what now is a trend it will later become a way of living. Also, consumers tend to become more educated on chocolate and soon will demand high quality products. Moreover, the same report shows that consumer preferences have started to change and shortly they will ask for new flavoured chocolates. Marketing Audit: Internal and External After getting a brief insight on the chocolate confectionery sector in the UK, an internal and external marketing audit needs to be done in order to identify which are current problems of the company. Firstly, since it has consumer products the overall marketing mix implemented needs to be analysed. Then, the strengths and opportunities must be identified in order to overcome the companys weaknesses and threats. Also with the help of the PEST model and Porters five forces the chocolate confectionery industry will be further analysed. Marketing Mix Kraft Foods is doing business in the consumer products domain, therefore its marketing mix is specially tailored for its consumers. Its main products are food items such as chocolates, biscuits, different beverages, snacks and convenient meals. Some of the companys products have become leading brands worldwide proving that the company offers qualitative products and also knows what its customers want. The company prefers to buy its raw materials from third parties such as agricultural cooperatives and independent producers to ensure high quality of the final product. (Kraft Foods, 2009a) The pricing policy of any company has to be elaborated in such a way that it retains current customers and also attracts new ones (Brassington and Pettitt , 2006 pg.431 ). The company charges acceptable and affordable prices for its products. However these prices are affected by raises in raw materials, as was the case in 2008 when the company had to raise prices to dairy, coffee, cocoa, wheat or nut products as a result of price increases for the raw materials (Kraft Foods, 2009a) When talking about promotion, Kraft Foods invests important amounts of money into well developed marketing campaigns which are meant mainly to attract new customers but also to consolidate its image in the eyes of present consumers. The company uses some of the tools in the promotional mix such as advertising, sales promotions, public relations. The organisations products have a wide distribution, reaching many markets all around the world. The main places where the products can be fund are supermarket chains, wholesalers, convenience stores, retailers, club stores or mass merchandisers (Kraft Foods, 2009a). SWOT As it has already been stated, Kraft Foods operates in different sectors of the food industry and in many markets in the world, so for each sector the company faces particular threats and has different strengths and weaknesses. In the case of the chocolate confectionery industry in the UK, the following SWOT analysis can be elaborated based on information provided by Datamonitor (2008). Strenghts: Kraft Foods has a strong brand image worldwide Well developed distribution network Manages a variety of brands in UK such as Milka Chocolate, Oreo biscuits, Toblerone, Terrys Chocolate Orange and others; well managed brand portfolio The raw materials used for production are always of high quality Weaknesses: Over the years the company had to recall some products, action which has damaged its image Its margins have constantly decreased causing problems in the implementation of new growth plans Opportunities: The acquisition of the British chocolate manufacturer Cadbury offers access to its expertise, research and information on consumer trends in the UK Permanent growth in the demand for healthy products New technologies and developments in the industry Threats: Fierce competition in the UK Governmental laws regarding alimentation Too much divestment, having a large portfolio of brands worldwide might affect the companys cash flow PEST Kraft Foods is doing business in a constant changing environment and as a result it must always know what is happening in the UK environment. The UK business environment is continuously affected by political/legal, economical, social and technological /environmental factors. Political factors The laws in the UK regarding alimentation are quite tough with for companies, but they work in the benefit of the consumer, demanding more usage of healthy products. Any law imposed by the UK government or by the European Union can affect the companys operations and revenues. Economical factors Currently the UK has not entered the Euro Zone and it is still able to have a stronger currency then the Euro Zone. However, in the context of recession, the UK has reported a drop in GDP and in the third quarter of 2009 the GDP contracted by 0.2%, and remained 5.1% lower than in the same period of 2008 (www.statistics.gov.uk, 2010a). The recession has affected greatly this country and as a result the disposable income has decreased, affecting the populations buying habits. Consequently, companies had to reduce prices and implement different schemes to maintain their customers and lose a small percent of sales. Social factors The UK population is very affected by the recession and many of them have lost their jobs. Unemployment rate has reached 7.8% in November 2009, but however there has been registered a decrease in the number of unemployed people (www.statistics.gov.uk, 2010b). Since unemployment is quite high, not many British people afford to spend money on other things that are not of strict necessity, such as chocolates. Confectionerynews.com (2009a) states that women are more likely to have chocolate due to the fact that when they reach menopause they become more stressed and need to get relieved. Technological factors Technological advances always occur in any industry. Companies in the chocolate confectionery sector have to invest in research and development in order to come up with healthier products as customers demand these intensively. Recently, Kraft Foods and Nestle were accused of using palm oil and indirectly encouraging deforestation in Indonesia (www.confectionerynews.com, 2009b) and as a result both companies had to review operations and decided that from 2010 will use only certified palm oil. Porters 5 Forces Analysis The UK chocolate confectionery industry can also be assessed by using Porters five forces. Threat of new entrants The UK industry is quite fragmented with many companies competing within. Since some of the largest companies are present here such as Nestle, Kraft Foods, Cadbury and Mars Inc. it is very difficult for a smaller company to enter this market. However there are also niches, such as premium chocolates which could still welcome new players. This particular threat is considered to be low as it is difficult to enter the UK market. Competition It is common knowledge that the UK market presents high levels of competition. The worlds food giants are in a continuous quest for market shares and increased sales volumes. This particular force might seriously affect Kraft Food since it still doesnt have a high market share, but because of the new acquisition of Cadbury this might change. This force is considered to be high, as there are important companies battling for supremacy. Buyers bargaining power Nowadays British people choose to spend money just on the necessary products and have eliminated premium products from their daily shopping. As a result, this force is considered to be quite high and have serious impacts on the companies activating in the industry. Suppliers bargaining power Over the years companies have built lasting relationships with their suppliers, as a result suppliers work jointly with buyers to ensure productivity. Due to these relationships the suppliers bargaining power is considered to be medium, as raises in raw materials can occur and affect the final products of the company. Threat of substitutes Chocolate can have many substitutes such as gums, candy or ice cream. As new consumer trends show that there is a serious shift to healthy products chocolate could be seriously affected, unless producing companies launch healthier versions. Consequently this threat can be considered as being medium to high. Current year Competition Five years time (assumption) New entrants Power of buyers Substitutes Power of suppliers Figure 1: Porters five forces (current year and five year prediction) Assumptions The VAT has increased to 17.5% (www.hmrc.gov.uk), automatically causing increases in the prices of all products. A further increase might endanger future plans for launching new products and present product sales might be affected. Also, if the UK decides to join the Euro zone serious price changes might occur and people might think they are paying more for a product then when they were using the sterling pound. It must not be forgotten that consumers are changing their buying patterns and preferences so they might choose to replace chocolate with other sweets. Marketing Objectives and Strategies for new product Growth Strategy As it has been previously presented, Kraft Foods does not have a considerable market share on the UK confectionery industry. It should focus more on its leading European chocolate brand, Milka, and make it a preferred chocolate in the UK too. Milka chocolate is present on the UK market in just six assortments (www.milka.co.uk, 2010) while other chocolate brands have more assortments. The need for a new product has been identified, and the proposed product is Poppin Milka. This new product will be alpine milk chocolate and in the interior it will have a bounty of popping candy. Since it is a new product for the Milka brand, Ansoffs new product existing market growth strategy will be followed (Dobson and Starkey, 2002). Marketing objectives Gain more market share on the UK chocolate market Build a strong brand name and image for the Milka brand Attract new customers, while retaining current ones Identification of Alternative Plans In the worst case scenario the new product could prove to be a failure, even though prior research would show that it should have success. Since the product has already been launched Kraft Foods could enhance it by adding new flavours such as melon, strawberry or cherries, fruit flavours which make a good combination with popping candy. Confectionerynews.com (2009c) shows that nostalgia has helped boost the UK food market, and since popping candy was very popular few years back, it could make a comeback. Also, it should be noted that the new product will be targeting children, but their parents are the ones who have to be convinced to buy the product. If the product does not manage to reach forecasted sales for the first months, the marketing plan should be reviewed and changed where it went wrong. Promotional Programme Objectives of the campaign: the main objective of the campaign will be to draw attention on the new Milka product and promote it throughout the year. Also, through this campaign it is intended to raise Milkas brand awareness and help build a stronger brand image. Target audience: the main target audience is children aged 5-13, but indirect target audience is men and women aged 25-40, who have children aged 5-13, since they are the ones who will buy the products, even though they might not be the users. Message: since the product is mainly targeted to children, the message has to be appealing and funny. It will stress on the fact that it is fun to have popping candy together with chocolate, a soft and creamy chocolate like Milka. Budget: the product launch campaign could be quite expensive, but Kraft has to take the risk and invest approximately  £2 2,5 million, to develop an effective and integrated marketing campaign. Since the company is a world giant it should be able to afford such a campaign especially when aiming to gain market share. The company already has a contract with Ogilvy to make the advertisement for Milka, so it can count on the help of a well known advertising agency. (Mintel Oxygen, 2009) Promotional mix: prior to the actual launch of the product (two weeks ahead), a guerrilla marketing campaign will be conducted such as to raise interest in the new product. Teaser ads would be placed in supermarkets and short TV ads will be played on kids TV networks. After the launch, samples will be given to customers of selected supermarkets such as Tesco or Sainsbury for a period of one month. Then full length ads will be played on kids TV networks for the next three to four months. In conjunction with TV ads billboards will be posted close to supermarkets and playgrounds to make sure the target audience becomes familiar with the product. At celebration times sales promotions will run to encourage and increase the product sales. The tagline used in all the ads will be Poppin the magic with Milka and will feature the Milka symbol, the liliac cow dancing on a popping candy dance floor and in the end the dance floor will explode as fireworks, showing the properties of popping candy. Time frame: the marketing campaign is designed for a period of twelve months commencing January, 2010. Measurement, Review and Control Any marketing campaign has to be evaluated before, during and after implementation (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006). The campaign will be evaluated before implementation through focus groups. During the campaign, sales will be closely followed and on-site interviews will take place. In the end, the campaign will be assessed by evaluating sales volumes and revenues, and check if the marketing objectives have been attained. Conclusion Launching a new product in a market where Kraft does not have high market share might be very difficult, but such actions must be done in order to become known on the market. With a well designed product and marketing campaign the new product should be able to reach expectations. Poppin Milka should be a success since Milka chocolate is a European leading chocolate brand, and British people are familiar to the brand.

child development :: essays research papers

Video Reflection Play v Importance v Indoors Play v Levels of Play v Social Skills v Intellectual Play q Importance: Growing up my mother encouraged her four children to play hard. We were allowed the space to work off or steam by playing dirty in the mud. Or being allowed to jump into a pile of leaves. Her basic motivates and comments to us were always; that the clothing could be washed, we could take a bath but enjoy be a child. In the video â€Å"Play†, it is discussed as a way for children to be allowed to let go of their emotions. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, Play is described a crucial stage in the development of the child. It allows the child to develop their sensor motor skills. q Indoor Play When a child plays indoor, they are in the process of developing a greater since of their physical skills. They can learn hand eye coordination; also, problems solving skills will be enhanced. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, it is important for the children have the ability and space to gain a deeper understand of who they are how they can function indoors. q Levels of Play To watch a child play is to watch a world being created before your eyes. Children have the ability to experience freedom and love at its best. Yet, even the nature has laws and different levels of interaction. There are different forms of play associated with how children will interact. Functional play is when children can explore using sense’s to figure out what they can do. Constructive play is used by children of all ages. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, the different levels of play allow the child to develop a sense of there own personality. q Social Skills As children learn how to play and interact with each other, they learn social skills. They learn how to cooperate with each other, in order to accomplish what they need. Play allows them the ability to release a lot of so cial tension. In chapter 15, Enhancing Creativity, learned social skills are important in the development of the child. These are the first steps that the child will need to take to eventually take their place in the society.

Leadership and morality in The Crucible Essay

â€Å"He has an idea of himself which is that of a leader of a sort, a moral example, perhaps, for others†¦ † Examine the importance of leadership and morality in The Crucible. The ideas of leadership and morality are extremely important in Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible. The quote by Arthur Miller, â€Å"He has an idea of himself which is that of a leader of a sort, a moral example, perhaps, for others†¦ † could apply to a number of the male characters in the play, and is also applicable to a number of the female characters in the female. Leadership is defined in the dictionary as â€Å"guidance and direction† and morality as â€Å"motivation bases on ideas of right and wrong†. They are both very important in The Crucible, and are commonly emphasized with negative actions and ideas. Several characters in the play show leadership over others, and many undergo immoral actions and activities. Miller says of Parris, â€Å"He has an idea of himself which is that of a leader of a sort, a moral example, perhaps, for others†¦ â€Å". He has authority over the strongly religious town of Salem, yet he uses his power for personal gain, which is not only against his religion but is extremely immoral. He uses his power to condemn innocent men who may threaten his position in the future and who he has a dislike for. For a Reverend he has a severe lack of morality, with his incessant greed and quest for personal gain. John Proctor is most interesting for the moral choice that he has to make, whether to lie and save himself or to tell the truth and save his conscience. Although he has been immoral and sinned by having an affair, he makes the right choice by telling the truth. He knows that he is a sinner and is not worthy of following in Giles and Rebecca Nurse’s footsteps of being a martyr, but he tries to do what he believes to be right and what will be best for his family. The audience feels sympathetic for Proctor as he is hanged, as he has made the correct moral choice and died telling the truth. He asks â€Å"How may I live with my name? † just before tearing up his confession, stating that it is more important to tell the truth and keep his good name than to lie and live with a blackened name. As well as Proctor and Parris, many of the other characters in the play have moral choices to make and chances to show morality, yet many lie for personal gain or to save themselves. Without doubt the least moral person in the play is Abigail Williams. She lies at every possible chance in order to save herself and get revenge on those that she dislikes. She condemns innocent people which ultimately results in their death, yet has no conscience or feelings for those that she has hurt. Although she knows that there has be no actual witchcraft, yet continues with the idea in order to save herself and attack others. She makes a number of allegations against other women, â€Å"I saw Alice Barrows with the devil† being one example of her condemning and innocent person. Elizabeth, Hale, Danforth, Giles Corey and Rebecca Nurse all also have the chance to show their morality, yet only Giles and Rebecca are the only two in the whole play who come out of it as truly good people with excellent morality. They both do not give in by admitting to something that they have done, and both die as martyrs. Corey continues to tell the truth until the moment he dies, as he is crushed to death by his immoral torturers. He says â€Å"more weight† when given the option to confess of to continue with the torture, this being his final heroic act. Rebecca also dies a martyrs death, as she also continues to tell the truth knowing that she is going to die. These are the only two that show true morality and goodness. Although we feel sympathy for Hale when he finally realizes the mistake he has made, his lack of moral courage means that we can not admire or respect him. He is the one that starts the witch hunts, but eventually realises that his original assumptions were incorrect and endeavours to save the innocent townspeople. He tries to persuade them to admit to a crime that they had not done, which in its self is immoral, so that their lives may be spared. Some agree and are spared, but those with moral values continue to tell the truth and die for there beliefs. Elizabeth also has a moral choice, by lying to save her husband or telling the truth and leaving him in trouble. She lies in an attempt to save him, but this backfires as she discovers that he has already confessed to the crime, which ultimately condemns him. Leadership is another key aspect of The Crucible, and Abigail Williams is probably the most significant leader in the play. After discovering that she now has power over others, she exploits it for personal gain and to gain revenge on anyone that she believes has acted against her. She persuades the girls to admit to the crime so that they will not be punished, and to claim that others have been involved with the devil. She also threatens others into following her. John Proctor is a natural born leader, and organises opposition towards the church. He tries to persuade others to do the right thing and stand up against evil and continue to tell the truth, no matter what the consequences are. He realises what he needs to do, to save his own and others moral consciences, and takes a leading role in trying to help others. When Hale arrives he has an heir of authority and sense of leadership. His books are â€Å"weighted with authority† and people listened to what he had to say because of his authority. He then questions his own beliefs when he discovers that everything is not as he first believed. He loses his faith in his religion and the law, as he sees innocent people being executed for crimes that they have not committed. By the end his leaderships qualities are non-existent, and he is not half the man he used to be. Parris is similar to Hale, not just because he is also a Reverend, but because he has authority which makes people believe that what he is saying is the truth and is right. Parris use his leadership over others for personal gain, and only cares about his personal welfare. This may have had something to do with his background, as he used to be a tradesman in Barbados, which may explain his continued quest for personal gain. Danforth is another that has authority and therefore leadership over others. He has the power to sentence people to death, and so people will listen to what he has to say and respect his ideas. The other girls in the play are all easily led, as they follow Abigail’s lead in saving themselves and attacking other innocent people. This is especially true for Mary Warren, as she as good as sentences him to death when he claims that â€Å"there is a black man behind your right shoulder†. In conclusion, leadership and morality are extremely important in The Crucible. They are the basis of the lies that result in the death of 19 innocent people. Many people have moral choices to make, whether to save themselves by lying or telling the truth and facing the possibility of death. Many leaders also appear from the tragic events, with actions as well as negatives. These exciting aspects lead to an ultimately gripping play.

History and Evolution of Composite Materials

When two or more different materials are combined, the result is a composite. The first uses of composites date back to the 1500 B.C. when early Egyptians and Mesopotamian settlers used a mixture of mud and straw to create strong and durable buildings. Straw continued to provide reinforcement to ancient composite products including pottery and boats. Later, in 1200 AD, the Mongols invented the first composite bow. Using a combination of wood, bone, and â€Å"animal glue,† bows were pressed and wrapped with birch bark. These bows were powerful and accurate. Composite Mongolian bows helped to ensure Genghis Khans military dominance.   Birth of the â€Å"Plastics Era† The modern era of composites began when scientists developed plastics. Until then, natural resins derived from plants and animals were the only source of glues and binders. In the early 1900s, plastics such as vinyl, polystyrene, phenolic, and polyester were developed. These new synthetic materials outperformed single resins derived from nature. However, plastics alone could not provide enough strength for some structural applications. Reinforcement was needed to provide additional strength and rigidity. In 1935, Owens Corning introduced the first glass fiber, fiberglass. Fiberglass, when combined with a plastic polymer created an incredibly strong structure that is also lightweight. This is the beginning of the Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) industry. WWII – Driving Early Composites Innovation Many of the greatest advancements in composites were the result of wartime needs. Just as the Mongols developed the composite bow, World War II brought the FRP industry from the laboratory into actual production. Alternative materials were needed for lightweight applications in military aircraft. Engineers soon realized other benefits of composites beyond being lightweight and strong. It was discovered, for example, that fiberglass composites were transparent to radio frequencies, and the material was soon adapted for use in sheltering electronic radar equipment (Radomes). Adapting Composites: â€Å"Space Age† to â€Å"Everyday† By the end of the WWII, a small niche composites industry was in full swing. With lower demand for military products, the few composites innovators were now ambitiously trying to introduce composites into other markets. Boats were one  obvious product that benefited. The first composite commercial boat hull was introduced in 1946. At this time Brandt Goldsworthy often referred to as the â€Å"grandfather of composites,† developed many new manufacturing processes and products, including the first fiberglass surfboard, which revolutionized the sport. Goldsworthy also invented a manufacturing process known as pultrusion, a process that allows dependably strong fiberglass reinforced products. Today, products manufactured from this process include ladder rails, tool handles, pipes, arrow shafts, armor, train floors, and medical devices. Continued Advancement in Composites In the 1970s the composites industry began to mature. Better plastic resins and improved reinforcing fibers were developed. DuPont developed an aramid fiber known as Kevlar, which has become the product of choice in body armor due to its high tensile strength, high density, and lightweight. Carbon fiber was also developed around this time; increasingly, it has replaced parts formerly made of steel. The composites industry is still evolving, with much of the growth now focused around renewable energy. Wind turbine blades, especially,  are constantly pushing the limits on size and require advanced composite materials.   Looking Forward Composite materials research continues. Areas of particular interest are nanomaterials — materials with extremely small molecular structures — and bio-based polymers.